![]() ![]() The final form of the formula is, therefore: The useful area used to calculate the theoretical force equals A u = π × D² / 4 for the outward stroke and A u = π × ( D² - d²) / 4 for the return stroke, where d is the rod diameter. In this type of cylinder, the spring force disappears, while the friction force behaves similarly to single-acting cylinders: Double-acting pneumatic air cylinder calculation. Therefore, the final form of the formula is:į effec = P × ( π/4) × D² - F f - F s. In single-acting cylinders, A u = ( π/4) × D². We can neglect it in the presence of high pressures, but if you think it's significant, you can obtain it with the Hooke's law calculator. F s – Spring force, which depends on Hooke's law.A common practice is to consider it equal to 3-20% of the effective force for 4-8 bar pressure ranges. F f – Friction force, which depends on the operating pressure, piston speed, and materials. ![]() The effective force exerted decreases due to friction and the spring:į effec = F t - F f - F s = P × A u - F f - F s Single-acting pneumatic air cylinder calculation.
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